Abdulla Al-Hamaq holds a Master Degree in Public Health from School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University (USA), and a Ph.D. in the field of Public Health, from University of Westminster (London – UK).

He was Head of Food Control Section, expert in Health Affairs, and Assistant Director for Health Affairs in Ministry of Municipality (Qatar). He participated in more than 30 studies in the field of Diabetes, in collaboration with a wealth of different Medical corporations and universities. Most of these studies have been published in international Journals.

At present, he is the Executive Director of Qatar Diabetes Association – Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development, fellow of Royal Society for Public Health (FRSPH). In addition, he is a member of the Advisory Committee – College of Health Science – Qatar University, the American Diabetes Association (ADA), the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), and more. He is a former Regional Manager of the IDF/MENA Region, and former of Diabetes in Asia Study Group (DASG).

Ahmad Abu Al-Halaweh (MPH, Ph. D.) is the Chief of Diabetes and Community Programs at the Augusta Victoria Hospital – Jerusalem, and he is the Co-founder and President of the Diabetes Palestine Association.

He leads the “High Impact Intervention Team”, a team responsible for the training and the capacity building of Palestinian professionals working in community clinics. The team is also responsible for the implementation of comprehensive diabetes care approach.

He is member of the National Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) Committee chaired by the Palestinian Ministry of Health. In addition to the above-mentioned activities, he also leads and coordinates the Annual Palestinian activities conducted at the time of the World Diabetes Day celebrations.

Ahmed Mohamed El Sabawy finished his Bachelor of Medicine & Surgery from Cairo University in 2012, and completed his Master Degree of Endocrinology and Metabolism from Ain Shams University in 2018.

He worked at the Ministry of foreign affairs’s Clinic, at GAMCA As Sallam International Hospital, and as a Physiology lecturer in Nursing School in National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrine (NIDE).At present, he works as an Endocrine specialist in the NIDE. He also works as a Diabetes Educator in the Arabic Association for the Study of Diabetes and Metabolism (AASD). In parallel, he works in the Diabetes Clinic in Giza and in VACSERA’s Diabetes Clinic.

As part of his formation, Dr. Ahmed Mohamed El Sabawy took the EASD Postgraduate Course on the current treatment of Diabetes and its complications in Istanbul (Turkey) in November 2013. He participated in different research studies and he is the Sub-investigator in a Pioneer study sponsored by NovoNordisk. He is member of the American College of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) and of the Arabic Association for the study of Diabetes & Endocrinology (AASD).In 2016, he was honoured by the Ministry of Health Non-Communicable Diseases for his activities in Diabetes Prevention. In 2018, the Arabic Association for the Study of Diabetes and Metabolism rewarded him for his activities within the association.

Dr. Segal is a Professor of Pharmacy Practice at MCPHS University and the clinical pharmacist at the Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA. Dr. Segal completed her Doctor of Pharmacy at Drake University and post-doctorate residencies at the Medical Center at Princeton and the Medical University of South Carolina. After she spent several years of teaching, practice, and research at the University of New Mexico, Dr. Segal joined MCPHS University in 2007, and established clinical pharmacy services at the Joslin. Her research focus on the care of adults with diabetes has led to numerous publications on topics, including: diabetes in older adults and concentrated insulin, pharmacotherapy guidelines for patients with type 2 diabetes, and book chapters in the Joslin Deskbook, Endocrine and Metabolic Medical Emergencies, and Geriatric Diabetes. She is the first clinical pharmacist at the Joslin Diabetes Center, where she assists in provider, staff, and continuing professional education, patient education and care, and clinical trials, as well as serves on the institutional review board for human studies and guideline committees. She was also one of the first pharmacists to receive the Certified Diabetes Technology Clinician certification and is a fellow of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP). Dr. Segal is also the Program Director of the Doctor of Pharmacy Honors Program at the MCPHS University’s School of Pharmacy in Boston, as well as an active member of the Endocrine Practice and Research Network of ACCP and the Diabetes & Cardiovascular Disease and Health Care Delivery & Quality Improvement interest groups and the Women’s Interprofessional Network of the American Diabetes Association.

Declaration of Conflict of Interest:

The author has received funding from the following commercial entities:

Declaration of financial support:

No fees were paid to the author in connection with their contribution to the IDF School of Diabetes.

Amanda Adler trained in economics, medicine and epidemiology and is a consultant physician with an interest in diabetes at Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge. Other roles include honorary clinical epidemiologist in the MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Sciences, Cambridge and research associate, Diabetes Trials Unit, Oxford. Previous roles include Clinical Epidemiologist, UK Prospective Diabetes Study, advisor, UK National Screening Committee, and physician, University of Washington, Seattle. She chaired the NICE committee addressing Newer Agents for Blood Glucose Control in Type 2 Diabetes.

Dr Ramachandran (M.D., Ph.D, D.Sc.,FRCP(Lond.), FRCP(Edin)) is the Chairman of Dr A. Ramachandran’s Diabetes Hospitals and President of India Diabetes Research Foundation (IDRF), Chennai, India. Series of urban and rural epidemiological studies in India taken up by him and his team, have resulted in a wealth of knowledge on various aspects, the pathogenesis, risk factors and temporal changes in the prevalence and incidence of diabetes, pre-diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors in India. The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme conducted by him has contributed significantly to the understanding of the preventive methodologies specifically effective in the Indian population. He has published more than 300 original research papers till date.

Ammar Ibrahim from the Dominican Republic is the Chair of the International Diabetes Federation South and Central American Region (IDF SACA).

Dr Ibrahim is a surgeon, specialised in diabetic foot care since 1996. He became Head of the Diabetic foot clinic at the Instituto Nacional de Diabetes, Endocrinología y Nutrición (INDEN) in Santo Domingo in 1999 and has been the General Director of INDEN since 2007.

His position as General Director of the most important hospital for diabetes in the Dominican Republic has allowed him to establish connections with people with diabetes and their relatives not only as a physician but also as an administrator, educator, and supporter.

Ana is a qualified Nurse and holds a Master’s degree in Diabetes Care and Management. She began her work in education in 1991 and developed activities in Pediatric, Medical, Surgical, Emergency and Neonatology departments with different hospitals up until 2003. Ana then moved onto working at the Portuguese Diabetes Association (APDP) in the Research and Education Centre. Here she held the position of coordinator nurse in the department of Studies, Projects and Clinical Trials (2005-2008). Currently, she is working as a diabetes nurse educator at the APDP in the Diabetes consultation, coordinator of the Department of Medical Specialties. Here she coordinates training courses for professionals and people with diabetes.

Aside from work Ana has presented orally both at national and international events. She is the author of several articles and chapters in books. Additionally, Ana serves in the Executive Committee of the European Foundation for European Nurses in Diabetes (FEND) and also facilitates congresses and seminars of events.

Dr Lopes holds a Medical degree and spent her residency in internal medicine with clinics in Cardiology and Emergency Medicine at the Hospital Pulido Valente, Lisbon. She has also undergone traineeships in General Surgery, General Practice, Obstetrics, Gynaecology, and Paediatrics. She currently works as a Consultant Physician, specialising in the area of Endocrinology and Nutrition in several hospitals; Hospital da Luz and the Associação Protetora Diabéticos de Portugal. In the latter she has been the continuous glucose monitoring team leader since 2015 and the continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion team leader since 2016. Dr Lopes also runs training courses for healthcare professionals and works as the investigator on clinical trials.

Dr Mendes holds a Medical degree from the Faculty of Medicine of Lisbon. After her studies Dr Mendes took up work as an Endocrinologist, starting in 1996. She has also taken up other roles including becoming the Director of the Endocrinology Service of the Hospital of S. Bernardo-Setúbal in 2009.

Dr Mendes is fluent in French and Spanish and speaks both English and German to an advanced level.

Ana works as a Clinical and Health Psychologist and has been working in the Portuguese Diabetes Association (APDP) since 2000. She holds a Master’s degree in Health Psychology with post-graduate experience in Cognitive and Behavioural Psychotherapy.

Dr Costa holds a medical degree, graduating from the Medical Sciences faculty of the New University of Lisbon in 2000. She obtained her Master’s degree in Clinical research from the Universitat Pompeu Fabra and is currently working towards completing her PhD in Medicine.

Dr. Asher Fawwad after completing his medical post-graduation, completed his PhD in 2016. He is the Professor and Head of Biochemistry department at Baqai Medical University, Director Research and Consultant Diabetologist at Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology. He has more than 115 research publications to his credit and he is the Editor and Reviewer of several reputable medical journals. Dr Fawwad is a member of management committee of Diabetic Association of Pakistan (DAP), Ex vice-President & Secretary General and current member of executive committee of Diabetes in Asia study group (DASG). He is the Co-Principal Investigator of Diabetes Registry of Pakistan (DROP) and second National Diabetes Survey of Pakistan (NDSP-2).

Beatriz Yáñez Jiménez holds a Master in Biological Sciences and a Master in Physical Anthropology from the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain. She joined the International Diabetes Federation’s Advocacy team in late 2013, where she manages the IDF advocacy initiatives and the two IDF networks of people living with diabetes (Young Leaders in Diabetes and Blue Circle Voices).

Belma Malanda (MD, MPH) is a physician and public health specialist with more than 15 years’ programme management experience, working specifically on diabetes Education and Epidemiology initiatives at the global level. He worked for IDF from 2013 to 2020 in Policy and Programmes department and has contributed to three editions of the IDF Diabetes Atlas (2015, 2017 and 2019). Dr Malanda has extensive experience and knowledge of global engagement initiatives in diabetes and NCDs, and has been representing IDF at various high-level committees, working groups, commissions and advisory boards; sharing his expert insight into issues surrounding the management of diabetes and others NCDs, including the development of the IDF School of Diabetes and guidelines supporting awareness, improving diagnosis and medical treatment, by providing diabetes specific education.

Dr Almeida holds a Medical degree from the University of Coimbra in Portugal. He has also studied Clinical Nutrition at Master’s level. He is currently working towards obtaining a PhD from the National School of Public Health at NOVA University of Lisbon. He has vast experience in teaching being a Professor at the faculties of Medicine from the University of Coimbra and the University of Cape Verde. At NOVA University of Lisbon, Dr Almeida has been the Professor of Graduate studies in Diabetes. Dr Almeida is a Medical Doctor of the Portuguese Diabetes Association (APDP) and is also a member of the Internal Emergency Staff at Hospital da Luz in Lisbon, Portugal. He has specialised in Internal Medicine. His research experience is vast, working at the IBILI, Faculty of medicine at Coimbra, APDP-Education Research Centre. He is the Principal Investigator of the TECO study (a study of children and Type 1 Diabetes). He has also published in many scientific journals and chapters in books. He has given talks at various different events and sits on the Jury of awards in Diabetes.

Declaration of Conflict of Interest:

The author has received funding from the following commercial entities:

Declaration of financial support:

No fees were paid to the author in connection with their contribution to the IDF School of Diabetes.

Dr Góis holds a medical degree and specializes in psychiatric medicine. He began working as a Psychiatry Consultant in 1990 at the Santa Maria Hospital in Lisbon and was subsequently made senior consultant in 1999. Dr Góis went on to study for his Master’s degree in Psychiatry in 2000 at the Faculty of Medicine of Lisbon (FMUL). He has coordinated the psychiatry team in Diabetes, Nutrition and Endocrinology from 1997-2012 and also the inpatient General Psychiatric team for many years at Sanata Maria Hospital.

He moved on to coordinating the Psychiatry Liaison Team at Beatriz Ângelo Hospital in Loures from 2012-2015. In 2013 Dr Góis began studies for a PhD in Psychiatry and Mental Health at the FMUL. Since 2014, he has been working as a faculty member of the Interpersonal Psychotherapy Institute in Iowa, USA as well as continuing work at Santa Maria Hospital in Lisbon.

Dr Monteiro holds a medical degree from the Faculty of Medical Sciences at the University Nova in Lisbon and has specialised in urology at the Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada. Dr Monteiro has undertook a range of post-graduate studies including courses in Sexual Medicine and training in Minimal Access surgery (World Laparoscopy Hospital, India), Reconstructive Surgery in Urology (Urology and Nephrology centre, Egypt) and Lithiasis and Percutaneous Renal Surgery (Hospital italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina).

He has also had a vast range of professional appointments including being the Medical Director of Cidade Médica Virtual, Lisboa, Portugal (2002) and being a hospital assistant in Urology at several different hospitals (Hospital Garcia de Orta- Almada, Hospital da Luz –Setúbal, Centro Hospitalar Barreiro-Montijo- Barreiro, Hospital de Cascais). Since 2009 Dr Monteiro has been the Urologist Trainer on Urologic Complications in Diabetes at the Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal.

Caroline Day is director of Med Ed UK, which provides specialist continuing education and training for healthcare professionals and the pharmaceutical industry. She is a graduate of Aston University, Birmingham and King’s College Medical School, University of London and has worked in a range of educational and healthcare settings. Dr Day is a Visiting Fellow with the Aston University Diabetes Research Group, a committee member (former Chair) and Fellow of the Royal Society of Biology. She was an inaugural editor (2001-2014) of the British Journal of Diabetes (formerly British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease; 2001-2015) and is an editorial advisor to the British Journal of Family Medicine. Her specialist research interest is the evaluation of traditional medicines in the treatment of diabetes for which she received a personal Leverhulme Trust research award. She is well published in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Declaration of Conflict of Interest:

The author has received funding from the following commercial entities:

Declaration of financial support:

No fees were paid to the author for contributions to the IDF School of Diabetes.

Cliff Bailey is Professor of Clinical Science at Aston University in Birmingham, England. He is a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh and a Fellow of the Royal College of Pathologists. His research is mainly directed towards the pathogenesis and treatment of diabetes, especially the development of new agents to improve insulin action and reduce obesity, and the therapeutic application of surrogate beta-cells. He has served on medical and scientific committees of Diabetes UK, Society for Endocrinology, and European Association for the Study of Diabetes, and held various editorial positions with the British Journal of Pharmacology, Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Primary Care Diabetes and Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research. He has been an expert witness for drug licensing authorities, regulatory agencies and other national and international review bodies. He has published extensively.

Chris Patterson is Honorary Professor of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology in the Centre for Public Health at Queen’s University Belfast. His main research interest is in the epidemiology of type 1 diabetes in children. He was joint leader of the EURODIAB case-control study of risk factors for childhood type 1 diabetes and has published several systematic reviews of early life risk factors for this disease. He has produced estimates of the number of children with type 1 diabetes worldwide for recent editions of the International Diabetes Federation's Diabetes Atlas. He was until currently co-ordinator of the EURODIAB collaboration of childhood diabetes registers and maintained the Northern Ireland Childhood Diabetes Register.

Professor David Owens CBE FRCP holds a medical degree and has considerable experience in diabetes management and related research (over 35 years). He is an Emeritus Professor of Diabetes at Cardiff University and has since been working part-time at Swansea University’s College of Medicine as a Professor in the Diabetes Research Unit Cymru. Additionally, he is a visiting professor at Leicester University and a Senior Research Fellow of the International Prevention Research Unit in Lyon, France. Professor Owens is a member of the Association of Physicians of Great Britain and Ireland and is a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and Fellow of the Institute of Biology. Professor Owens continues to work and carry out research in diabetes and its complications and is involved in several countries including Mauritius, the Caribbean (Trinidad and Tobago) and India in an educational and advisory capacity. He has and continues to be regularly invited to lecture at the main International meetings in Diabetes, including the IDF, ADA and EASD. In 2002 Professor Owens was awarded the CBE for his services to diabetes and the National Health Service. He is also a member of the Association of Physicians of Great Britain and Ireland and is a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and Fellow of the Insitute of Biology.

Professor Owens has published over 400 articles and a book entitled Human Insulin’ (1986). His primary research interests include the evolution of glucose intolerance and the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and the evaluation of new emerging therapies. Clinically, he has held a longstanding interest in the microvascular complications of diabetes including diabetic foot disease and retinopathy. Professor Owens introduced the first community based national retionpathy screening service in Wales in 2003. Current work include, the use of retinal ~/content/images to predict the risk of co-morbidities and the utilisation of automated programmes in diabetic retinopathy screening.

Professor Owens works in an advisory capacity to several countries including India, Mauritius and the Caribbean and has been instrumental in setting up national programmes and frameworks.

Distinguished Professor Simmons, MA, MBBS, FRACP, FRCP, MD (Cantab), is the Professor of Medicine at the Western Sydney University Macarthur Clinical School, Head of the Campbelltown Hospital Endocrinology Department and Director of the Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism Translation Unit (DOMTRU). With over 340 refereed publications, he has won several national and international awards for his work in diabetes epidemiology, diabetes in pregnancy and diabetes service development including the American Diabetes Association 2020 Norbert Freinkel Award. He is a past president of the Australasian Diabetes in Pregnancy Society (ADIPS) and was a member of the World Health Organisation technical working group on the criteria for hyperglycaemia in pregnancy. He was previously the chair of the Diabetes UK Health Professional Education Steering Group. He is a Visiting Professor for the University of Örebro, Sweden, Professorial Fellow at the University of Melbourne and Guest Professor, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University.

Duarte Matos completed his training in Nursing in 2010 from Escola Superior de Efermagem de Lisboa. He then started working at the Portuguese Diabetes Association (APDP) in the department of OPthamology and Diabetes Consultation. In February 2011, he then started working at in the department of Children and Young people, Insulin Pumps and Continuous Glucose Monitoring systems. In 2012, Duarte Matos became the Coordinator of the Continuous Glucose monitoring systems department. He has also completed a postgraduate course in Diabetes (2014).

Florence Brown is a Senior Staff Physician at the Joslin Diabetes Center and Co-Director of the Joslin and BIDMC Diabetes in Pregnancy Program. She completed medical school at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. She trained in Endocrinology at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Joslin Diabetes Center in Boston. She participated in the American Diabetes Association’s Preexisting Diabetes in Pregnancy Guidelines Committee and was an editor and co-author of Managing Preexisting Diabetes and Pregnancy: Technical Reviews and Consensus recommendations. She is an author of the Joslin Pregnancy Guidelines. She sees general adult diabetes patients in her practice but her focus is on the management of gestational diabetes and preexisting diabetes in pregnancy where she enjoys making sense of the many controversies. A focus of her research is on factors that affect fetal growth and birth weight in offspring of women with type 1 diabetes.

Graham Ogle is a paediatric endocrinologist based in Sydney, Australia. He works for Diabetes NSW as General Manager for the Life for a Child Program, and is an Adjunct Professor at the University of Sydney. Life for a Child supports the care of 22,000 children and youth with diabetes in 43 countries. The aim is to provide the best possible care, given local circumstances, to all children and youth with diabetes, with the vision that no child should die of diabetes. His research interests include diabetes epidemiology, access to care, and other issues related to diabetes in less-resourced countries.

Helena Isabel Ramos Nunes was born on the 24th July 1986 and graduated in Nursing in 2008 by the Nursing College of Lisbon - Maria Fernanda Resende. In February 2009 she started her nursing activity in the North Lisbon Hospital Centre – Hospital Pulido Valente. She started to work in APDP – Diabetes Portugal in October 2009 giving diabetes education consultations and training courses to healthcare professionals, people with diabetes and their families and carers.

Ignacio Conget completed his Ph.D. Degree at the University of Barcelona in 1992. He is Specialist in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition. He was invited as an investigator for three years (1900-19993) in the Laboratory of Experimental medicine at Brussels Free University (Belgium). He is a Ph.D. Professor accredited by the ANECA (Spanish Agency for Evaluation and Accreditation). Additionally, he has over 120 publications in peer review journals.

At present, he works in the Hospital Clinic I Universitari of Barcelona (Spain), in the Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition. He is the Senior Consultant, Head of Department, since May 2016.

Inaam Ibrahim Kandil graduated from the American University in Beirut in Food Technology and Nutrition/Agriculture Engineer. Later, she attended the University of Minnesota for education and training in clinical nutrition and food preparation.

She is a Certified Diabetes Educator (CDE) in the USA, and a Registered Licensed Dietitian both in the USA and in UAE. She is a certified insulin pump educator and trainer, as well as other advanced diabetes care and management technologies such as continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGM). Additionally, she is an expert educator and trainer in the use of Conversation Map education tool endorsed by AADE for group and individual education.

She has been invited as a speaker in several occasions in diabetes education and nutrition, both locally and internationally. Now she is the coordinator of the Diabetes Education program at Dubai Diabetes Center (former Jocelyn Diabetes Center), being the largest in the Emirate of Dubai.

Inass Shaltout is Professior of Internal Medicine and Diabetes at Cairo University, and the Chairman of Unit 4 Internal Medicine Department. She is the President of the Arabic Association for the Study of Diabetes and Metabolism. Dr. Shaltout has been honoured Tutor of Diabetes by Cardiff University. She is member of European Association for the Study of Diabetes, the Egyptian Society of Internal Medicine, the Egyptian Society of Nephrology, the Egyptian Society of Diabetes, and the Egyptian Medical Association of Studying Obesity.

I-Te Lee (M.D, Ph. D.) is Chief of Division of Endocrine/Metabolism at the Department of Internal Medicine in the Taichung Veterans General Hospital of Taichung, Taiwan.

He worked as attending physician in the Division of Endocrinology/Metabolism at the Taichung Veterans Hospital and at the Chung Shan Medical University Hospital of Taichung, Taiwan. In addition, he was Postdoctoral Clinical Research Fellow at the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center of Los Angeles, California (USA).

He is part of the Board of internal Medicine, the board of Endocrinology/Metabolism and the Board of Diabetic Education, all of them of Taiwan.

Professor Jonathan Shaw (MD, FRCP(UK), FRACP, FAAHMS) is Deputy Director at Melbourne’s Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute. He is also an endocrinologist, Chair of the Diabetes Advisory Group to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), Council Member of the Australian Diabetes Society, and Past-President of the International Diabetes Epidemiology Group. His awards include the International Diabetes Epidemiology Group (IDEG) Peter Bennett award (2011), the Australian Diabetes Society (ADS) Jeff Flack Diabetes Data award (2015), and the ADS Kellion Diabetes award (2018). He has authored more than 400 peer-reviewed scientific papers and 35 book chapters, and was included in the Thomson Reuters The World’s Most Influential Scientific Minds (2014) citation analysis, and the Clarivate Analytics list of the world’s most Highly Cited Researchers (2017 and 2018). His areas of interest include epidemiology and clinical trials in diabetes. He has been the co-leader of the national prospective AusDiab study for 15 years, is on the steering committee of the multi-national REWIND trial, and is leading the new PREDICT study, one of the first population-based studies to focus on diabetes complications.

Dr Barata holds a Medical degree from Lisbon University and has studied a Master’s degree in Sports Medicine. He also went on to completing his PhD studies in 2006 in Exercise and Health focusing on Metabolic syndrome. Dr Barata has experience working as a lecturer in Physiotherapy, Physical Education and Sports and Nutrition (1992-2006). Since 2006 he has lectured at the Health Sciences Faculty of the Beira University in Portugal. He has also taught general practitioners and medical doctors in French about exercise in diabetes since 2011. Beginning in 2016, Dr Barata has also taught Exercise and Nutrition to medical doctors as a professor in Portugal.

Jean Claude Mbanya is Professor of Medicine and Endocrinology at the Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Director Biotechnology Center and Postgraduate Dean Doctoral School of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1 and Consultant Physician at the National Obesity Centre of the Yaoundé Central Hospital. He is Honorary President of the International Diabetes Federation, a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, London and Doctor philosophiae honoris causa, University of Oslo, Norway. He has a wide span of expertise, but his current focus is on clinical application of basic research and equity of access to care and education and the integration of diabetes and endocrine diseases in the primary health care activities of developing countries. Output from this scientific research and service career has been published in 33 international book chapters and over 231 papers in peer-reviewed journals. Among numerous other outstanding achievements for diabetes, as President of the International Diabetes Federation (2009 - 2012), he championed the convening of the first ever United Nations High Level Summit on non-communicable diseases held in 2011 and he was the 2004 recipient of the American Diabetes Association Harold Rifkin Award for Distinguished International Service in the Cause of Diabetes. In 2011 he was conferred the degree of Doctor philosophiae honoris causa by the University of Oslo for significant scientific contribution and work of outstanding quality furthering the scientific endeavour. He is also Fellow and Dean of Biological Sciences, Cameroon Academy of Sciences, Fellow of The Third World Academy of Sciences, Trieste, Italy.

Dr Medina holds a Medical degree and a PhD and specialised in Endocrinology with specific interests in Diabetic Neuropathy, Insulin Resistance and pre-Diabetes. He works as a professor of the Medical School of Oporto University.

He has held the position of president for several societies including the Portuguese Society of Diabetology, the Portuguese Society of Endocrinology, the Portuguese Society for the study of Obesity and is the current president of the Luso-Galaico Association of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism. Aside from these commitments, Dr Medina is a member of the APDP and works as a consultant of the General Directorate of Health. He is also on the editorial board of the journal- Louvain Medical.

Dr José Silva-Nunes obtained his Medical degree from the New University of Lisbon in 1991 and his PhD in 2013 from the Medical Faculty of the University of Coimbra on the topic of “Obesity and cardiometabolic risk. He works as an associate Professor at Lisbon’s Polytechnic Institute, Medical Doctor at the Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism Department of the Curry Cabral Hospital – Lisbon’s Central Hospital Group, and former Consultant Medical Doctor at the Diabetes Outpatient Clinic of the Portuguese Diabetes Association. He also teaches endocrinology at the NOVA Medical school of Lisbon and previously worked as a consultant Medical Doctor at the Diabetes Outpatient Clinic of the Portuguese Diabetes Association (2000-2005). His main areas of interest are obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular risk.

Dr José Silva-Nunes has participated in 10 international multcentric trials in the field of diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular risk. Alongside being the editorial coordinator of the book “Diabetes: a global approach”, he has published and is co-author of five books on obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes. He also works as the reviewer of the following journals- “Acta Médica Portuguesa”, Revista Portuguesa de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo”, “Revista Lusófona de Educação”, and “Revista Portuguesa de Diabetes”.

Aside from these commitments, Dr José Silva-Nunes is the General Secretary of the Portuguese Society of Diabetlogy (2011-2017) and a board member of the Mediterranean group for the study of Diabetes (2015-2017).

Declaration of Conflict of Interest:

The author has received funding from the following commercial entities:

Declaration of financial support:

No fees were paid to the author for contributions to the IDF School of Diabetes.

Dr. Joome Suh is a neurologist specializing in neuromuscular medicine at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. After she received her MD from the Yale School of Medicine in 2015, she completed her internship at Massachusetts General Hospital, followed by her neurology residency in the Mass General Brigham Neurology program. She subsequently completed her clinical fellowship in Neuromuscular Medicine at Mass General Brigham and joined the faculty at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in 2020. She has an academic appointment as Instructor in Neurology at Harvard Medical School.

At Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Dr. Suh sees patients with various neurologic conditions, with a focus in neuromuscular medicine, and performs nerve conduction studies/electromyography. In addition to her dedication to clinical medicine, Dr. Suh has interests in clinical research and medical education.

Professor Juliana Chan is the Chair Professor of Medicine and Therapeutics and the Founding Director of the Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity at The Chinese University of Hong Kong, and the Founder of the Asia Diabetes Foundation.

Professor Chan grew up in Hong Kong and received her MBChB and MD from the University of Liverpool, United Kingdom. She is an accredited specialist in endocrinology and clinical pharmacology both in the United Kingdom and in Hong Kong, and a recipient of The International Diabetes Epidemiology Group Peter Bennett Award, The Xiaoren Pan Distinguished Research Award for Epidemiology of Diabetes in Asia, The China Medical Women’s Association Science and Technology Award, and the Honorary Fellowship of Monash University.

Professor Chan established the first and foremost Hong Kong Diabetes Register to characterize the clinical course and genetic associations of diabetes in 1995; and designed the innovative web-based Joint Asia Diabetes Evaluation (JADE®) Programme in 2007 to combine medical intelligence along with a validated diabetes care model in promoting personalized diabetes care to reduce complications in 11 Asian countries and regions. Her research team has also used the biobanks of these cohorts and databases to discover the Asian-relevant biogenetic markers for inventions toward precision medicine in diagnosis and classification of diabetes. Under her leadership, The Chinese University of Hong Kong – Prince of Wales Hospital Diabetes Centre has been named as the International Diabetes Federation Centre of Education since 2011 and the International Diabetes Federation Centre of Excellence in Diabetes Care since 2017.

Professor Chan serves on multiple international and regional boards of committees for universities, non-profit organizations and corporations, and is a member respectively for the Grant Review Board of The Research Grants Council and for the Expert Advisory Panel in Primary Healthcare and Non-communicable Disease in Hong Kong. She has published more than 700 peer-reviewed articles and 26 book chapters over the years.

Declaration of Conflict of Interest:

The author has received funding from the following commercial entities:

Declaration of financial support:

No fees were paid to the author for contributions to the IDF School of Diabetes.

Dr Katherine Ogurtsova is a statistician and modeller at the German Diabetes Center in Düsseldorf, Germany. She accomplished her PhD in the Max Plank Institute of Demographic Research, Germany, on the methods in incomplete data analysis. From 2014 to 2016, she worked as a data analyst in the IDF and were responsible for statistics in the 7th Edition of the IDF Diabetes Atlas. Since 2016 she does research in the Institute for Health Services Research and Health Economics with a focus on diabetes modelling and health economic evaluations.

Dr. Lawrence A. Leiter is director of the Lipid Clinic, Associate Director of the Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, and an associate scientist at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute at St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, where he was also the Head of the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism from 2000 to 2010. He is a Professor in the Departments of Medicine and Nutritional Sciences at the University of Toronto.

Dr. Leiter has several research interests, including clinical trials on the prevention of atherosclerosis, especially in diabetes, and the dietary and pharmacological treatment of diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, hypertension and obesity. He has over 590 publications in peer-reviewed journals. He was an investigator in many of the landmark diabetes trials including the DCCT, ACCORD and ADVANCE and is on the executive/steering committees of many ongoing outcomes trials in both diabetes and lipids.

Dr. Leiter is a Past-President of the Canadian Society of Endocrinology & Metabolism and a past Chair of the Clinical and Scientific Section of the Canadian Diabetes Association (CDA). He has been involved in many national and international committees and consensus conferences, including those of the International Diabetes Federation, CDA, Canadian Hypertension Education Program (CHEP), Canadian Cardiovascular Society (Dyslipidaemia) and Obesity Canada.

For his work, he has received a number of awards, including the CDA Frederick G. Banting Award and the American Diabetes Association Charles H. Best Award (awarded to DCCT investigators), both for Distinguished Service, the 2005 CSEM Educator of the Year Award and the 2006 CDA Gerald S. Wong Award in recognition of significant contributions to the diabetes community. He was the inaugural winner of the St. Michael’s Hospital Complete Physician Award in 2009. He is also the 2016 recipient of both the CDA Lifetime Achievement Award for Research Excellence and the CSEM Robert Volpe Distinguished Service Award.

Declaration of Conflict of Interest:

The author has received funding from the following commercial entities:

Declaration of financial support:

No fees were paid to the author for contributions to the IDF School of Diabetes.

Dr Duatre obtained her medical degree from the Faculty of Medical Sciences at the University of Nova, Lisbon in 2002. She specialises in endocrinology and nutrition and holds a special interest in the areas of continuous subcutaneous Insulin Infusion, continuous glucose monitoring, diabetes and pregnancy and therapeutic education for people with diabetes. She has worked as an endocrinologist at the Portuguese Diabetes Association in Lisbon since 2005 and as the team leader of the Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusions department from 2012-2016. From 2010, Dr Duarte has worked as a consultant physician endocrinologist at the Hospital da Luz in Lisbon.

Dr Duarte has published chapters in several books and in peer reviewed journals in the areas of Diabetes and Obesity. She also peer reviews papers for the Portuguese Journal of Endo0crinology, Diabetes and Metabolism.

Leonor Guariguata is a researcher and epidemiologist with the George Alleyne Chronic Disease Research Centre of the University of the West Indies. Her research interests include the prevention of noncommunicable diseases through upstream, population-wide measures and the application of systems thinking and methods to complex problems in health. She has spent her career working in NCDs and especially in low- and middle-income settings. She was born in Venezuela and lives in Brussels, Belgium.

Dr Vicente holds a medical degree and specialised in Gynaecology and Obstetrics. She has been working as a consultant Gynaecologist and Obstetrician since 2015, receiving recognition from the Portuguese Board of Physicians for Clinical Sexology. At the Portuguese Diabetes Association (APDP), Dr Vicente has been responsible for the Reproductive health Care Outpatient Clinic since 2003. In 2016, she became a Board Member of the Clinical Sexology Competence department of the Portuguese Board of Physicians.

Dr Vicente has collaborated with the National Reproductive Health within the Ministry of Health (2007-2009) and headed various divisions in the Directorate- General of Health (DGS). She has experience in educational training in the areas of of Sexual and Reproductive Health, contraception and contraceptive behavior, female sexuality, diabetes and Female Genital Mutilation and abortion

She is also the Coordinator of the Sexual and Reproductive Health website of the General Directorate of Health. In 2016 she became involved, as a Consultant, in the development of the “Action plan for Sexual and Reproductive Health towards achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in Europe”- from the European Regional Office of the World Health Organization.

She has been listed as the author (and co-author) of several scientific publications and book chapters. She has been involved in magazine and newspaper articles and has appeared on radio and television. She is also a regular reviewer for The European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care (EJCRHC) and for Acta Portuguesa de Ginecologia e Obstetricia.

Lúcia Zacarias was born on 06/06/1984 in Lisbon. She is a Registed Nurse graduated at the Nursing School Artur Ravara in 2006. Worked in the Cardiology department of the Santa Marta Hospital between 2006 and 2010. During this period she completed a postgraduate degree in cardiac rehabilitation at the Faculty of Human Motricity, having participated in projects within this scope at Hospital level.She is currently a Nurse Educator and Trainer at APDP since 2010 in the area of adult diabetes consultation. Participates in Seminars, Congresses and Courses as a trainer of the institution. She is responsible for the Coordination of the First Time Circuit.

Dr Guimarães began her education in Nutritional Sciences at Porto University. She then obtained a medical degree from the Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar in 1989. From here she worked as an assistant professor to the course of “Paediatrics and Epidemiology Alimentation”. In 1996, she became a member of the Medical College of North of Portugal before becoming a resident at Pedro Hispano Hospital, Matosinhos (1997-1999). Dr Guimarães has since taken up a residency and Nutritionist role at Lusiadas Hospital, Porto. In 2005, She specialised in Clinical nutrition from the University of Porto and completed her Post-graduate Studies in Geriatrics at the Medical College of the University of Porto.

Dr Serrabulho completed her Nursing degree in 1980 before specialising in Public Health in 1986 studying a Master’s degree in Educational Sciences at the Faculty of Human Kinetics, Lisbon University 2014. She also has a PhD and looked into “The health and lifestyles of young adults with type 1 diabetes”.

She currently works at the Portuguese Diabetes Association (APDP) and has been since 1992. Since 2006, she has been the APDP training Coordinator and the Nursing Coordinator since 2011. She has experience in diabetes consultations, group education sessions and in courses and training sessions for healthcare professionals. Dr Serrabulho has worked with children, parents, groups and individuals for over 15 years. She was also a member of the Executive Committee of the Foundation for European Nurses in Diabetes from 2008-2014.

Manuela Carvalheiro is Professor of Endocrinology at the Coimbra Medical School of the University of Coimbra (Emeritus). Furthermore, she is a Permanent adviser for diabetes area of the Health Ministry, Member of the Diabetes Pregnancy Study Group of the EASD (DPSG); Member of the European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR) and Member of several Study Groups of the Portuguese Diabetes Society and Portuguese Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Society.

Moreover, she was the Director of the Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism of the Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, EPE (Retired), President of the Portuguese Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism Society, representative member of the Central Committee of the International Society of Endocrinology, and of European Federation of Endocrinology, and President and Vice-President of the Portuguese Diabetes Society. Additionally, Manuela Carvalheiro was Vice-President of the Portuguese Society for the Study of Obesity, Member of the Board of Collegium of Endocrinology of the National Medical Association and Member of the Board of the Mediterranean Group for the study of diabetes (MGSD). Her fields of interest include Diabetes and pregnancy; B-cells function, Insulin resistance and insulin deficient states; Obesity; Pituitary Tumors and Neuroendocrinology.

Manuela Carvalheiro published more than one hundred publications as first author and more than two hundred as co-author in several national and international journals received Several awards on presentations in Portuguese meetings.

Dr Medeiros holds a medical degree from the Faculty of Medical Sciences in NOVA medical school and has specialised in ophthalmology. He also completed study towards a PhD in Clinical research in 2016. Dr Medeiros currently works for the Portuguese Diabetes Association (APDP), the Central Lisbon Hospital Centre- in the retinal surgery department and also for the Lisbon Retina Institute. Aside from work, Dr Medeiros has been appointed Secretary of the Portuguese Laser Medical Society and holds membership with the Portuguese Retina Study Group.

Dr Medeiros has vast experience in running clinical trials and has published extensively. He won the award for the ‘Best Paper in Retina’ 2009.

Dr Macedo holds a degree in Pharmacy from the Faculdade de Farmacia and has a PhD in Pharmacology from the University of Manitoba, Canada. She completed her Postdoctorate Fellowship at the Gulbenkian Institute of Sciences in the field of Pharmacology. From 1996-2001, Dr Macedo taught as an Associate Professor at the Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde-Sul, Department of Pharmacology. She then became Professor of the Faculdade de Ciências Médicas-UNL, Department of Physiology in 2001, of which she still is to this day. In 2016 she expanded her role as a professor to the Department of Medical Sciences at the University of Aveiro.

Additionally, in 2000 she worked as a reviewer of several leading journals in the field of diabetes and in 2006 became the Associate Editor of the Canadian Journal of Pharmacology and Physiology. Dr Macedo also has a breadth of experience in coordinating groups such as the Portuguese Group for Fundamental Translational Investigation in Diabetes (2009), the Portuguese Diabetes Association (APDP) Education and Research Center and the Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas CEDOC/NMS.

Aside from these committments, Dr Macedo has published extensively and has received 28 international and national honours.

Dr. Maria Vamvini is a Staff Physician Scientist at the Joslin Diabetes Center. Dr. Vamvini obtained her medical degree from Aristotle University of Thessaloniki in Greece. She completed her residency in internal medicine at Mount Auburn Hospital in Cambridge, MA, which is a Harvard Affiliate. Following the completion of the internal medicine residency, she served as chief medical resident and completed a one-year fellowship in medical education at the same institution. She subsequently completed her endocrinology fellowship at the joint Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism fellowship at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Joslin Diabetes Center’s joint program in Boston, MA. Currently, she sees patients in the endocrinology and diabetes clinics at the Joslin Diabetes Center and in the Division of Endocrinology at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. She also remains actively involved in several research projects at Joslin Diabetes Center. Dr. Vamvini’s research focuses on the mechanisms by which physical activity and exercise improves health under conditions of metabolic disease using state-of-the art multi-omics platforms

Marina trained as a Nurse leading an Intensive Care team in 1989. She began working as a diabetes Nurse in 2000 for the Portuguese Diabetes Association (APDP). Marina works in a consultation group for people with diabetes for both children and young people. Since 2006 she has coordinated summer camps for young people with diabetes. From 2008 she coordinated the Children and Young People department and in 2012 took up the same role for the Pump Therapy department. In 2015 Marina became a post-graduate nurse at King’s College London in the area of Diabetes Management.

Professor Buyychaert has a wealth of experience holding many different positions. Notably, alongside being the President of the Belgian Association of Diabetes, he was made the honorary head of the Department of endocrinology at the University Clinic of St-Luc in Belgium after teaching there as a professor. He has also worked as an affiliate to the University of Porto in Portugal. Professor Buyychaert has authored (and co-authored) over 400 publications in national and international journals.

Maryna Neborachko is a certified endocrinologist with more than 10 years of clinical experience in primary health care system and research institutions (in particular, as a research fellow of the Ukrainian Scientifically Practical Centre of Endocrine Surgery and Transplantation of Endocrine Organs and Tissues, MoH of Ukraine).

Holds MD degree from the Ukrainian National Medical University named after O.O.Bogomolets (Kyiv, Ukraine); passed an observership at the Department of Internal Medicine at the General Hospital of Salzburg, a program of the Open Medical Institute (OMI) by The American Austrian Foundation (Salzburg, Austria).

Maryna also holds MBA from Kyiv-Mohyla Business School, Kyiv, Ukraine (the theme of diploma “Organization of health care system for patients with diabetes mellitus in private sector”).

The main area of scientific interests – heart rate variability in patients with different stages of diabetic nephropathy. The main area of current expertise – digital health solutions for diabetes mellitus management.

Currently Maryna is involved into the development of digital health system in Ukraine as an expert of “Hi-Tech Office Ukraine”

She also takes an active part in activities of Ukrainian Diabetic Federation (the member of IDF) as a volunteer.

Mercedes Helena López, was born on September 24, 1964 in Quito, Ecuador. She graduated with a Bachelor in Biological Sciences, and then got a Magister degree in Nutrition at the “Universidad San Francisco”. She remained at the University to work as part time Nutrition Professor from 1997 to 2009 and then from 2012 to 2015. Since her in 2008, her daughter was diagnosed with T1D, she got involved with this cause. She got a degree as Diabetes Educator in 2009 at the “Universidad de la Salle”, in Mexico. Mercedes has been working in the “Fundación de Diabetes Juvenil del Ecuador”, as Director of Diabetes Education for the last 11 years; her prime interest is to improve diabetes care of the T1D Community of Ecuador.

Dr. Miin Roh is a retina surgeon and a full-time member of the Beetham Eye Institute at the Joslin Diabetes Center.  She specializes in the treatment of adult retinal disorders.  These include diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinal vein occlusions, epiretinal membrane, macular hole, vitreomacular traction, primary and complex retinal detachments.  She sees patients at the Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center and Atrius Health (Kenmore).  Dr. Roh was a fully licensed retina specialist in Korea receiving her MD and ophthalmology residency and surgical vitreoretinal fellowship training from Yonsei University School of Medicine in Seoul, South Korea.  She then underwent ophthalmology residency and vitreoretinal surgical fellowship at Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School. 

Dr. Roh is an accomplished clinician scientist and has contributed on several original papers, editorials and textbook chapters to the field of retina.  Her main research focuses on neovascular disease of the retina and choroid, such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy.  She has been actively involved in various clinical researches looking at the assessing functional outcomes of patients with various stages of age-related macular degeneration and also assessing quality of life of patients with advanced stage of this disease.

Quantifying the regression or progression of retinal visual function in the examined eye may provide useful information regarding the severity and extent of retinal diseases.  Moreover, this work will advance our understanding of the usefulness of functional testing in evaluating the effectiveness of new therapeutic agents in patients with various retinal diseases.  As a member of the Joslin Diabetes Center, she is interested in looking into various imaging and functional outcomes and quality of life as a part of clinical program for patients with diabetic retinopathy.

Dr. Nuha Ali El Sayed is an expert endocrinologist in lifestyle medicine, diabetes prevention, general diabetes, diabetes technology and medical education and training. She received her MD and MBBCh from Alexandria University’s Faculty of Medicine in 2001. She completed her internal medicine residency at Boston University’s Roger Williams Medical Center and a clinical and research fellowship in Diabetes and Obesity at Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School in 2007. She completed her clinical training in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism as a Friedman Fellow at Tufts Medical Center and the Jean Mayer USDA center in 2009.

Dr. El Sayed completed a Master of Medical Sciences in Medical Education at Harvard Medical School in 2019. She holds certificates in clinical investigation from the Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences at Tufts University (2011), Leadership in Healthcare and Medical Education, Medical Education for Health Professions, Medical Education Technology and Systems Approach to Assessments in Health Professions from the Harvard Macy Institute, Harvard Medical School (2017-2018).

At Joslin, Dr. El Sayed sees patients with prediabetes, type 1 and type 2 diabetes with a focus on lifestyle medicine, weight management and the use of technology in diabetes care. She has a clinical and research interest in medical education, patient education, patient empowerment and shared decision making.

Dr. El Sayed oversees Joslin Diabetes Center’s global/professional education, care advisory and clinical training programs.

Oleksandr Pkhakadze is a physician, certified endocrinologist with PhD academic degree in medicine.

He held MD degree from the Ukrainian National Medical University named after O.O. Bogomolets (Kyiv, Ukraine) in 1997 (graduated with honor) and got Philosophy Doctor in Medicine (PhD) degree in 2012.

The main area of scientific interests is endothelial dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 complicated with diabetic nephropathy.

Since 2002 till 2006 held a position of secretary of scientific journal “Clinical endocrinology and endocrine surgery”.Oleksandr is an author of popular educative course for diabetic patients, which was used while his work as diabetes educator in Ukrainian Scientifically Practical Centre of Endocrine Surgery and Transplantation of Endocrine Organs and Tissues, MoH of Ukraine.

Has been investigating insulin related topics since 1997: clinical application, evolution, supply chain, price policy, reimbursement systems, production and distribution, affordability, tools for administering, etc. An additional area of expertise – digital health and digital solutions for diabetes management.

Now Oleksandr is involved into the development of digital health system in Ukraine as an expert of “Hi-Tech Office Ukraine”

He is also actively participating in different activities organized by Ukrainian Diabetic Federation (the member of IDF) as a volunteer.

Dr. Om Ganda is a senior physician and a clinical research scientist at Joslin Diabetes Center, and an Associate Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School. His research interests include prevention of cardiovascular complications in diabetes.

Dr. Ganda has been engaged in clinical diabetes research for more than four decades. He was a Co-Investigator in the landmark Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), completed in 1993. The DCCT demonstrated the importance of glucose control in preventing complications in type 1 diabetes. Dr. Ganda is now a Co-Investigator of Epidemiology of Diabetes Intervention and Complications (EDIC), an ongoing long-term follow-up study. This study continues to unravel long-term benefits of optimal glucose control. Previous to those studies, Dr. Ganda participated in seminal studies in monozygotic twins which established the immunological basis of type 1 diabetes.

In addition to his clinical research and teaching, Dr. Ganda directs the Lipid Clinic at Joslin, where he treats patients with complicated situations related to elevated cholesterol and triglycerides. He is also studying why patients with type 2 diabetes have increased susceptibility to elevated lipid particles and cardiovascular disease.

Dr. Ganda is a co-investigator on a clinical trial investing the effects of Omega-3 fatty acids on cardiovascular outcomes. He has also been a Co-Investigator of several clinical trials to identify better ways to treat people who have difficulty with exercise and diet control. The goal is to find better treatments that will control not only cholesterol and triglycerides (as statins do), but also blood pressure and blood glucose.

Prof Pablo Aschner Montoya is an Associate Professor of Endocrinology at the Javeriana University School of Medicine and Senior Research Advisor at San Ignacio University Hospital. He is also the Scientific Director of the Colombian Diabetes Association. Professor Aschner has served as a member of the WHO Expert Advisory Panel on chronic degenerative diseases and the IDF taskforce on Guidelines. He is also a Faculty member of the Cambridge Diabetes Seminar and the Latin American Diabetes Epidemiology Course and founding member of the World Community for the Prevention of Diabetes. He has been president of the Colombian Endocrine Society and the Latin American Diabetes Association (ALAD). Professor Aschner's main research interests include prevention of type 2 diabetes in the real world as well as diagnosis, control and treatment of diabetes and its complications, with emphasis on the development of evidence-based clinical guidelines. He has authored, or co-authored, over 100 abstracts, articles and book chapters in the field of diabetes research.

Declaration of Conflict of Interest:

The author has received funding from the following commercial entities:

Declaration of financial support:

No fees were paid to the author for contributions to the IDF School of Diabetes.

Patrícia Branco graduated in Medicine by Medical Sciences Faculty, New University in Lisbon in 1993. She is a Nephrologist since 2002 and a Nephrologist Consultant in Santa Cruz Hospital, Carnaxide, Portugal, since 2015. Patricia Branco is a member of the Clinical Investigation Board of the “Hospital Center of Occidental Lisbon”. She is a Nephrologist since 2005 in APDP, Lisbon, Portugal and was authored or co-authored over 30 articles in peer-reviewed journals.

Dr Bogalho obtained her Medical degree from the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Lisbon and conducted her Internship in General medicine in the Civil Hospitals of Lisbon. She then completed an Internship in Endocrinology at the Endocrinology Unit of the Curry Cabral Hospital. She currently works at the same hospital in the Endocrinology and Diabetes Service division.

Dr Matos holds a Medical degree from Lisbon University graduating in 1978. He specialised in Cardiology in 1988 and has been a Fellow of the Portuguese Society of cardiology since 1989. He has trained in many countries learning about aerospace medicine and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). He worked as a Cardiologist from 1988 becoming the head of the Cardiology department in 2000. Alongside these commitments, Dr Matos works as part of a group of cardiologists and surgeons at Hospital CUF. Additionally he coordinates the MRI/Cardiac CT department at CUF.

Aside from these roles, Dr Matos has worked as part of the Portuguese Aero Medical Board (1989-1996) and as part of the Board of Directors in the Portuguese Diabetes Association (APDP 2002-2005) and is currently an assessor to the Clinical Director of the APDP. He is also the editor of the official magazine from the APDP titles “VIVER EM EQUILIBRIO” (1997-present). He has worked on many clinical trials in the field of diabetes and has given oral presentations and published several scientific papers in the area of iabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Dr Pouya Saeedi is a Data analyst and coordinator at International Diabetes Federation (IDF). She obtained her Doctorate degree in Epidemiology from the University of Otago, New Zealand. The focus of her research has been on non-communicable diseases in particular cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, in both children and adults. She has worked in various regions around the world including Middle East and North Africa, South-East Asia, Western Pacific and Europe.

Rebecca has extensive experience in the public sector and is currently the assistant director of Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity at The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK). She first served in the Government of the HKSAR before dedicating herself to the career in higher education and non-governmental organizations. Prior to rejoining her alma mater in serving people with or at risk of diabetes, she played key roles in institutional advancement and strategic development at CUHK, City University of Hong Kong (CityU), United Board for Christian Higher Education in Asia and Asia Diabetes Foundation.

Her pursuit of empowering the needy in the region has become a priority in her dedication. To understand the world and its people, Rebecca holds a BA degree in English (CUHK) and a MA degree in Intercultural Studies (CUHK). Aspired to be an effective change agent nurturing mindful dialogues through creativity and sustainability, she also reads her MSSc in Corporate Communication (CUHK) and Master of Social Work (CityU).

Rebecca was born in Hong Kong and speaks fluent English, Putonghua and Cantonese. She is now a registered social worker in Hong Kong, an accredited mediator in both Hong Kong and mainland China, and a full member of various international and professional bodies.

Richard S. Beaser, M.D., is an Associate Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School and a Senior Staff Physician practicing clinical diabetes at the Joslin Clinic, Boston.  He is also the Medical Director, Continuing Medical Education and Senior Strategic Advisor, Education Programs at the Joslin Diabetes Center.

Dr. Beaser is a native of Massachusetts, graduated from Trinity College, Hartford in 1973, and from Boston University School of Medicine with an MD degree in 1977.  He did his residency at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center in Worcester from 1977-1980.  He was a fellow in endocrinology at the Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 1980-81, and in Endocrinology at the Lahey Clinic Medical Center, Burlington, MA 1981-82.

Dr. Beaser joined the staff of the Joslin Diabetes Center in 1982.  He has held numerous past positions at Joslin, including Section Chief of the Adult Diabetology Practice, Medical Director of the Diabetes Treatment Unit, and Coordinator of the Patient Education Section.  He has been a clinical research investigator, including the landmark Diabetes Control and Complications Trial.  Dr. Beaser has authored multiple editions of 4 books: Joslin Diabetes Manual (1989), Outsmarting Diabetes (1994), The Joslin Guide to Diabetes (1995, 2005), and Joslin’s Diabetes Deskbook: A Guide for Primary Care Providers (2001, 2003, 2007, 2010, 2014).  He is a well-known national lecturer/faculty on clinical diabetes and its comorbidities.  He also has an active clinical practice of adult diabetes at both the Joslin Diabetes Center in Boston and in Needham, Massachusetts.

Dr. Beaser founded the Professional Education Department at Joslin Diabetes Center in the early 1990’s, serving as its academic leader to extend the many educational outreach efforts of this world-recognized Diabetes Center.  He is currently the Medical Director of the Continuing Medical Education Department, in which capacity Dr. Beaser is responsible for overseeing project and activity development.  In his role as Senior Strategic Advisor, Education Programs at the Joslin Diabetes Center, he leverages his years of experience in Professional Education to provide assistance to multiple other individuals and groups within Joslin who are developing professional education programs, materials, and interventions both domestically and internationally as part of Joslin’s world-wide educational outreach.  In these roles, he continues to lecture, and develop and/or oversee educational content production for Joslin’s departmental activities, and consult on the academic development/production of various external educational projects which target physicians, other medical professionals, and patients. 

Dr Birne obtained her Medical degree in 1999 and studied Humanitarian Medicine post-graduation in 2000 from the Faculty of Medicine of Lisbon. at the and graduated as a Nephrologist in 2008. After her medical studies, Dr Birne. Since 2007 she has worked in Clinical Nephrology at the Portuguese Diabetes Association (APDP) and from 2008 worked as a nephrologist in the CHLO of Hospital de Santa Cruz (focusing on kidney transplantation and clinical nephrology). She has also been working at the private haemodialysis centre- Diaverum, as a nephrologist. In 2015, Dr Birne began work in clinical nephrology at CUF Mraflores Clinica.

Dr Birne has been involved as the principle investigator of several Clinical Trials. She has given lectures to post-graduates on infection and immunomodulation. She has published chapters in books and over 20 papers in peer-reviewed journals. Additionally, she has presented extensively at national and international scientific meetings. From 2013-2016 she was editor of the Portuguese Journal of Nephrology and Hypertension.

Robert Stanton, MD, is a researcher, clinician, and teacher.

Dr. Stanton's research is focused on an essential enzyme that plays a major role in regulating oxidative stress levels in all cells, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. His work is aimed at determining the basic cellular mechanisms responsible for diabetic kidney disease, for the death of pancreatic beta cells, and for cardiovascular disease in people with diabetes.

Dr. Stanton is also very involved with teaching at all levels (student, resident, fellow, and faculty) at local, national, and international levels. Dr. Stanton has been invited to lecture throughout the United States and throughout the world (including China, India, the Middle East, Europe, and South America). He has received three Honorary Professorships from Universities in China. He is an author of many original articles and chapters, and serves both in reviewer and in editorial positions for academic journals.

In addition to caring for people with diabetes and kidney disease, Dr. Stanton also cares for people with any type of kidney disease as well as caring for people with hypertension.

Dr Ribeiro has a degree in Biology from the Faculty of Sciences of Lisbon and studied for his PhD at the faculty of Medical Sciences, NOVA Medical School of Lisbon. Currently he is a researcher at the Education and Research Centre (ERC) of the Portuguese Diabetes Association (APDP) and at the Centre for the Study of Chronic Diseases (CEDOC) of Nova Medical School.

Since 1999, he has pursued research in the field of diabetes, beginning with animal and cellular models he now works clinically looking at diabetes prevention and management. He has participated in several European and national research projects including the Joint Action CHRODIS, MANAGE CARE, EU-CDEC and PRE-START.

He has received awards recognising his work, recently that of the Portuguese Society of Diabetologia and Bayer (2014) and a Citizenship grant given by Roche (2015). Aside from these commitments, Dr Ribeiro has published extensively in leading journals.

Prof Sarah Wild did her medical training in London and Cambridge. Her postgraduate experience included general medicine and diabetes, general practice and public health medicine, a cardiovascular epidemiology fellowship at Stanford University and a PhD at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Sarah has worked at the University of Edinburgh since 2002 and is now professor of epidemiology and an honorary consultant in public health at Lothian NHS Board. Her main interests are the epidemiology and prevention of diabetes and other non-communicable diseases and the use of routine data for research.

Conflict of Interest

It is the policy of the IDF that all authors, reviewers, and planners disclose real or apparent conflicts of interest relating to the topics of this educational activity.

The reviewer reported the following financial relationships or relationships to products or devices they or their spouse/life partner have with commercial interests related to the content of this CME activity:

Declaration of Conflict of Interest:

Simon O’Neill qualified from St Thomas' Hospital, London as a registered nurse in 1989 and specialised in paediatrics at Guy’s Hospital, London in 1991. Following several years working in both general and renal paediatrics, he moved to Diabetes UK in 1995 as a nurse care adviser.

Twenty five years later he is still there, although now as Director of Health Intelligence and Professional Liaison. As Director he is responsible for ensuring Diabetes UK produces accurate and up to date information and advice on all aspects of diabetes and diabetes care, based on the latest evidence. Working closely with healthcare professional colleagues, he also advises on the charity’s policies and positions. He has had Type 1 diabetes for 28 years.

Stephen Colagiuri is Professor of Metabolic Health and Director of The Boden Institute at the University of Sydney. He is also Co-Director, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Physical Activity, Nutrition and Obesity.

His research interests focus on the development and implementation of evidence-based guidelines, cardiometabolic and vascular risk assessment, diabetes screening and prevention, economic aspects of diabetes and obesity, and diabetes care delivery.

He has previously served as President of the Australian Diabetes Society and Chair of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Clinical Guidelines. He is a member of the Diabetes Expert Advisory Committee of the Commonwealth Department of Health and an advisor on diabetes to the World Health Organization.

Professor Colagiuri is currently Editor-in-Chief of the IDF journal, Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, and has published over 200 scientific papers.

Dr Steven James has extensive experience as a diabetes clinician in both Australian and overseas healthcare systems, and at Australian diabetes non-governmental organisations. He has recently completed his PhD which focused on current and future service support for young adults with type 1 diabetes in Australia. He is or has been a member of many relevant government, non-government and pharmaceutical company advisory committees. These include Sanofi Canada and Eli Lilly Canada National Diabetes Educator Advisory Boards; the Australian Diabetes Educators Association Australian Diabetes Educator Editorial Advisory Group, and the Sydney Diabetes Prevention Program-Culturally and Linguistically Diverse, Health Promotion Service for Older People, and New South Wales Multicultural Health Advisory Boards. He has also been a member of the Agency for Clinical Endocrine Innovation’s Podiatry Credentialling pilot and has been recognised by the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (Australia) as a future research leader.

Conflict of Interest

It is the policy of the IDF that all authors, reviewers, and planners disclose real or apparent conflicts of interest relating to the topics of this educational activity.

The reviewer reported the following financial relationships or relationships to products or devices they or their spouse/life partner have with commercial interests related to the content of this CME activity:

Declaration of Conflict of Interest:

Suvi Karuranga is Public Health Nurse with Master’s in Public Health from Lund University, Sweden. She joined International Diabetes Federation in 2017 as Epidemiology Manager, being responsible for diabetes epidemiology research projects, including IDF Diabetes Atlas. Ms Karuranga has published on diabetes epidemiology, access to medicine and health literacy.

Yi-Jing Sheen has studied Medicine at the China Medical University of Taichung (Taiwan) and completed his Master’s degree in the Department of Health Services Administration in the same University, in 2011.

For over two years (2005-2007), he was Chief resident of the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, at the Taichung Veterans Hospital. Afterwards, he was an Adjunct Attending doctor of Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism until March 2017. In the meantime, from 2011 to 2012, he was the Deputy Director of the Division of Medical Research Education at the Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare of Taiwan. In addition, he is since March 2017, the attending doctor of the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism in the Department of Internal Medicine of the already mentioned hospital in Taiwan.

Teresa Laginha is a primary physician working in diabetes and family therapy. After finishing her medicine diploma in the Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, she worked in the field of family therapy in Sociedade Portuguesa de Terapia Familiar and couple therapy in the Ceccof Formation in Paris. Teresa Laginha is also founder member of Grupo de Estudos da Família (GEF) ; PAF( Projecto de Apoio a Famílias, C.Saude Santo Condestável ,1997-2000) ; Saude Familiar (ARSLVT;C.Saude Coração de Jesus ,2000-2010); Profundamente (2011) and Evita (2011), and has authored and co-authored several publications.

Prof. and Dr. Sheu is the superintendent of Taichung Veterans General Hospital in Taiwan and holds several adjunct and consulting professor of medicine at several medical schools in Taiwan including National Defense Medical Center, National Yang Ming University, both at Taipei, Taiwan. He is currently the president of Diabetes Association, Taiwan, as well as the immediate past chair (2016 to 2017) of the IDF-WPR. Dr. Sheu has authored and co-authored more than 380 original articles in the areas of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Hypertension, Obesity and Coronary Heart Disease. Dr. Sheu and this team had actively participated many international clinical trials, such as TECOS, EXSCEL, REWIND, CREDENCE etc. He has frequently been invited to deliver speech in domestic and internal medical conferences. He also serves as editorial board member of as reviewer for many scientific journals, including Diabetes, Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, American Journal of Hypertension, Circulation Journal of Biomedical Sciences, Journal of Diabetes Investigation to name a few.

Yasmin Khan, MD, MPH, completed her medical school and endocrinology training at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. Dr. Khan is a graduate of Harvard School of Public Health, where she completed her master’s in public health with a focus on global health. Her major interest is diabetes prevention and control in low and middle-income countries.

Zeina has obtained a Nutrition & Dietetics degree from the American University of Beirut and then joined the Imperial College London Diabetes Center in Abu Dhabi as a dietitian. Since then she has joined this Center and has also done her post graduation in Food Management from the University of Surrey, England.